The method described provides a solution to the loss of projection in reconstructed nipples. The average nipple-areolar angle was 164° before the operation, 111° one day after the operation, 130° at the six-month follow-up, and 133° at the 12-month follow-up. The average nipple height was 3 mm before operation, 7 mm one day after operation, 5 mm at the six-month follow-up, and 5 mm at the 12-month follow-up. Adequate projection was achieved in all patients and no complications occurred. This procedure was used successfully in nine patients (11 nipples). Anchoring sutures were used to attach each triangular flap on the side opposite their point of origin, and the resulting defects were closed directly. Deepithelialized triangular flaps were made on all four sides of the nipple and buried in the opposite corners in order to augment the volume of the nipple. All patients attended routine follow-up visits. The medical history of each patient was reviewed and photographs were taken in front and lateral views. Only C-H nipple reconstructions were included in this study. We describe a technique that uses local flaps to improve the lost projection of reconstructed nipples.īetween November 2013 and March 2015, nine patients (11 nipples) underwent revisional nipple reconstruction for lost projection. However, the reconstructed nipple loses projection over time. Numerous techniques have been used to achieve long-term projection of the nipple following nipple-areola reconstruction. Conclusions With this method, we were able to confirm the hardness of the column and minimize the injury of the main lactiferous duct. However, we assumed preservation of the main lactiferous duct since no nipple sensory change was identified in the postoperative examination when compared with the preoperative examination. We were unable to directly identify breast-feeding function because all three patients were young and unmarried women.
#SIMS 4 NIPPLES ON BASE SKIN SKIN#
Results Preoperative and postoperative photography revealed good nipple protrusion during the 6-month follow-up period without any complications such as skin necrosis and recurrence. Surgical details are described within the main text. The anteroposterior and lateral medical-quality photographs of the respective patients were identified for nipple protrusion and recurrence during a 6-month follow-up period to evaluate aesthetical goal and assess the sensitivity of the nipple to confirm preservation of the main lactiferous ducts.
Methods We corrected six inverted nipples in three patients, which were classified as grade II using the Han and Hong classification of nipple inversion. We present a new nipple suspension technique using nipple- and areola-based dermal flaps for correcting inverted nipples and preserving the lactiferous duct to minimize the risk of recurrence. Recurrence of nipple inversion is still an unsolved problem in many cases.
The objectives of inverted nipple correction are both sufficient aesthetic projection of the nipple and postoperative functional preservation of the lactiferous ducts. Background Inverted nipples can pose aesthetic and functional problems, especially for young women.